Math Games

5.PR.1

Determine the pattern rule to make predictions about subsequent elements. • Extend a given pattern with and without concrete materials, and explain how each element differs from the preceding one. • Describe, orally or in writing, a given pattern, using mathematical language such as one more, one less, five more. • Write a mathematical expression to represent a given pattern, such as r + 1, r – 1, r + 5. • Describe the relationship in a given table or chart, using a mathematical expression. • Determine and explain why a given number is or is not the next element in a pattern. • Predict subsequent elements in a given pattern. • Solve a given problem by using a pattern rule to determine subsequent elements. • Represent a given pattern visually to verify predictions.

5.PR.2

Express a given problem as an equation in which a letter variable is used to represent an unknown number (limited to whole numbers). • Explain the purpose of the letter variable in a given addition, subtraction, multiplication or division equation with one unknown; e.g., 36 ÷ n = 6. • Express a given pictorial or concrete representation of an equation in symbolic form. • Identify the unknown in a problem, and represent the problem with an equation. • Create a problem for a given equation with one unknown.

5.PR.3

Solve problems involving single-variable, one-step equations with whole number coefficients and whole number solutions. • Express a given problem as an equation where the unknown is represented by a letter variable. • Solve a given single-variable equation with the unknown in any of the terms; e.g., n + 2 = 5, 4 + a = 7, 6 = r – 2, 10 = 2c. • Identify the unknown in a problem; represent the problem with an equation; and solve the problem concretely, pictorially or symbolically. • Create a problem for a given equation.

5.N.1

Represent and describe whole numbers to 1 000 000. • Write a given numeral, using proper spacing without commas; e.g., 934 567. • Describe the pattern of adjacent place positions moving from right to left. • Describe the meaning of each digit in a given numeral. • Provide examples of large numbers used in print or electronic media. • Express a given numeral in expanded notation; e.g., 45 321 = (4 × 10 000) + (5 × 1000) + (3 × 100) + (2 × 10) + (1 × 1) or 40 000 + 5000 + 300 + 20 + 1. • Write the numeral represented by a given expanded notation.

5.N.10

Compare and order decimals (to thousandths) by using: • benchmarks. • place value. • equivalent decimals. • Order a given set of decimals by placing them on a number line that contains the benchmarks 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0. • Order a given set of decimals including only tenths, using place value. • Order a given set of decimals including only hundredths, using place value. • Order a given set of decimals including only thousandths, using place value. • Explain what is the same and what is different about 0.2, 0.20 and 0.200. • Order a given set of decimals including tenths, hundredths and thousandths, using equivalent decimals; e.g., 0.92, 0.7, 0.9, 0.876, 0.925 in order is: 0.700, 0.876, 0.900, 0.920, 0.925.

5.N.11

Demonstrate an understanding of addition and subtraction of decimals (limited to thousandths). • Place the decimal point in a sum or difference, using front-end estimation; e.g., for 6.3 + 0.25 + 306.158, think 6 + 306, so the sum is greater than 312. • Correct errors of decimal point placements in sums and differences without using paper and pencil. • Explain why keeping track of place value positions is important when adding and subtracting decimals. • Predict sums and differences of decimals, using estimation strategies. • Solve a given problem that involves addition and subtraction of decimals, limited to thousandths.

5.N.2

Use estimation strategies in problem-solving contexts. • Provide a context for when estimation is used to: - make predictions. - check the reasonableness of an answer. - determine approximate answers. • Describe contexts in which overestimating is important. • Determine the approximate solution to a given problem not requiring an exact answer. • Estimate a sum or product, using compatible numbers. • Estimate the solution to a given problem, using compensation, and explain the reason for compensation. • Select and use an estimation strategy for a given problem. • Apply front-end rounding to estimate: - sums; e.g., 253 + 615 is more than 200 + 600 = 800. - differences; e.g., 974 – 250 is close to 900 – 200 = 700. - products; e.g., the product of 23 × 24 is greater than 20 × 20 (400) and less than 25 × 25 (625). - quotients; e.g., the quotient of 831 ÷ 4 is greater than 800 ÷ 4 (200).

5.N.3

Apply mental mathematics strategies and number properties in order to understand and recall basic multiplication facts (multiplication tables) to 81 and related division facts. • Describe the mental mathematics strategy used to determine a given basic fact, such as: - skip count up by one or two groups from a known fact; e.g., if 5 × 7 = 35, then 6 × 7 is equal to 35 + 7 and 7 × 7 is equal to 35 + 7 + 7. - skip count down by one or two groups from a known fact; e.g., if 8 × 8 = 64, then 7 × 8 is equal to 64 – 8 and 6 × 8 is equal to 64 – 8 – 8. - doubling; e.g., for 8 × 3 think 4 × 3 = 12, and 8 × 3 = 12 + 12. - patterns when multiplying by 9; e.g., for 9 × 6, think 10 × 6 = 60, and 60 – 6 = 54; for 7 × 9, think 7 × 10 = 70, and 70 – 7 = 63. - repeated doubling; e.g., if 2 × 6 is equal to 12, then 4 × 6 is equal to 24 and 8 × 6 is equal to 48. - repeated halving; e.g., for 60 ÷ 4, think 60 ÷ 2 = 30 and 30 ÷ 2 = 15. • Explain why multiplying by zero produces a product of zero (zero property of multiplication). • Explain why division by zero is not possible or is undefined; e.g., 8 ÷ 0. • Determine, with confidence, answers to multiplication facts to 81 and related division facts. • Demonstrate understanding, recall/memorization and application of multiplication and related division facts to 9 × 9.

5.N.4

Apply mental mathematics strategies for multiplication. • Determine the products when one factor is a multiple of 10, 100 or 1000 by annexing and adding zero; e.g., for 3 × 200 think 3 × 2 and then add two zeros. • Apply halving and doubling when determining a given product; e.g., 32 × 5 is the same as 16 × 10. • Apply the distributive property to determine a given product that involves multiplying factors that are close to multiples of 10; e.g., 98 × 7 = (100 × 7) – (2 × 7).

5.N.5

Demonstrate, with and without concrete materials, an understanding of multiplication (2-digit by 2-digit) to solve problems. • Illustrate partial products in expanded notation for both factors; e.g., for 36 × 42, determine the partial products for (30 + 6) × (40 + 2). • Represent both 2-digit factors in expanded notation to illustrate the distributive property; e.g., to determine the partial products of 36 × 42, (30 + 6) × (40 + 2) = 30 × 40 + 30 × 2 + 6 × 40 + 6 × 2 = 1200 + 60 + 240 + 12 = 1512. • Model the steps for multiplying 2-digit factors, using an array and base ten blocks, and record the process symbolically. • Describe a solution procedure for determining the product of two given 2-digit factors, using a pictorial representation such as an area model. • Solve a given multiplication problem in context, using personal strategies, and record the process. • Refine personal strategies to increase their efficiency. • Create and solve a multiplication problem, and record the process. • Solve a given problem using the standard/traditional multiplication algorithm.

5.N.6

Demonstrate, with and without concrete materials, an understanding of division (3-digit by 1-digit), and interpret remainders to solve problems. • Model the division process as equal sharing, using base ten blocks, and record it symbolically. • Explain that the interpretation of a remainder depends on the context: - ignore the remainder; e.g., making teams of 4 from 22 people. - round up the quotient; e.g., the number of five passenger cars required to transport 13 people. - express remainders as fractions; e.g., five apples shared by two people. - express remainders as decimals; e.g., measurement and money. • Solve a given division problem in context, using personal strategies, and record the process. • Refine personal strategies to increase their efficiency. • Create and solve a division problem, and record the process. • Solve a given problem using the standard/traditional division algorithm.

5.N.7

Demonstrate an understanding of fractions by using concrete, pictorial and symbolic representations to: • create sets of equivalent fractions. • compare fractions with like and unlike denominators. • Create a set of equivalent fractions; and explain, using concrete materials, why there are many equivalent fractions for any given fraction. • Model and explain that equivalent fractions represent the same quantity. • Determine if two given fractions are equivalent, using concrete materials or pictorial representations. • Formulate and verify a rule for developing a set of equivalent fractions. • Identify equivalent fractions for a given fraction. • Compare two given fractions with unlike denominators by creating equivalent fractions. • Position a given set of fractions with like and unlike denominators on a number line, and explain strategies used to determine the order.

5.N.8

Describe and represent decimals (tenths, hundredths, thousandths), concretely, pictorially and symbolically. • Write the decimal for a given concrete or pictorial representation of part of a set, part of a region or part of a unit of measure. • Represent a given decimal, using concrete materials or a pictorial representation. • Represent an equivalent tenth, hundredth or thousandth for a given decimal, using a grid. • Express a given tenth as an equivalent hundredth and thousandth. • Express a given hundredth as an equivalent thousandth. • Describe the value of each digit in a given decimal.

5.N.9

Relate decimals to fractions and fractions to decimals (to thousandths). • Write a given decimal in fraction form. • Write a given fraction with a denominator of 10, 100 or 1000 as a decimal. • Express a given pictorial or concrete representation as a fraction or decimal; e.g., 250 shaded squares on a thousandth grid can be expressed as 0.250 or 250/1000.

5.SS.1

Identify 90º angles. • Provide examples of 90º angles in the environment. • Sketch 90º angles without the use of a protractor. • Label a 90º angle, using a symbol.

5.SS.2

Design and construct different rectangles, given either perimeter or area, or both (whole numbers), and make generalizations. • Construct or draw two or more rectangles for a given perimeter in a problem-solving context. • Construct or draw two or more rectangles for a given area in a problem-solving context. • Determine the shape that will result in the greatest area for any given perimeter. • Determine the shape that will result in the least area for any given perimeter. • Provide a real-life context for when it is important to consider the relationship between area and perimeter.

5.SS.3

Demonstrate an understanding of measuring length (mm) by: • selecting and justifying referents for the unit mm. • modelling and describing the relationship between mm and cm units, and between mm and m units. • Provide a referent for one millimetre, and explain the choice. • Provide a referent for one centimetre, and explain the choice. • Provide a referent for one metre, and explain the choice. • Show that 10 millimetres is equivalent to 1 centimetre, using concrete materials; e.g., a ruler. • Show that 1000 millimetres is equivalent to 1 metre, using concrete materials; e.g., a metre stick. • Provide examples of when millimetres are used as the unit of measure.

5.SS.4

Demonstrate an understanding of volume by: • selecting and justifying referents for cm³ or m³ units. • estimating volume, using referents for cm³ or m³. • measuring and recording volume (cm³ or m³). • constructing right rectangular prisms for a given volume. • Identify the cube as the most efficient unit for measuring volume, and explain why. • Provide a referent for a cubic centimetre, and explain the choice. • Provide a referent for a cubic metre, and explain the choice. • Determine which standard cubic unit is represented by a given referent. • Estimate the volume of a given 3-D object, using personal referents. • Determine the volume of a given 3-D object, using manipulatives, and explain the strategy. • Construct a right rectangular prism for a given volume. • Construct more than one right rectangular prism for the same given volume.

5.SS.5

Demonstrate an understanding of capacity by: • describing the relationship between mL and L. • selecting and justifying referents for mL or L units. • estimating capacity, using referents for mL or L. • measuring and recording capacity (mL or L). • Demonstrate that 1000 millilitres is equivalent to 1 litre by filling a 1 litre container using a combination of smaller containers. • Provide a referent for a litre, and explain the choice. • Provide a referent for a millilitre, and explain the choice. • Determine the capacity unit of a given referent. • Estimate the capacity of a given container, using personal referents. • Determine the capacity of a given container, using materials that take the shape of the inside of the container (e.g., a liquid, rice, sand, beads), and explain the strategy.

5.SS.6

Describe and provide examples of edges and faces of 3-D objects, and sides of 2-D shapes that are: • parallel. • intersecting. • perpendicular. • vertical. • horizontal. • Identify parallel, intersecting, perpendicular, vertical and horizontal edges and faces on 3-D objects. • Identify parallel, intersecting, perpendicular, vertical and horizontal sides on 2-D shapes. • Provide examples from the environment that show parallel, intersecting, perpendicular, vertical and horizontal line segments. • Find examples of edges, faces and sides that are parallel, intersecting, perpendicular, vertical and horizontal in print and electronic media, such as newspapers, magazines and the Internet. • Draw 2-D shapes that have sides that are parallel, intersecting, perpendicular, vertical or horizontal. • Draw 3-D objects that have edges and faces that are parallel, intersecting, perpendicular, vertical or horizontal. • Describe the faces and edges of a given 3-D object, using terms such as parallel, intersecting, perpendicular, vertical or horizontal. • Describe the sides of a given 2-D shape, using terms such as parallel, intersecting, perpendicular, vertical or horizontal.

5.SS.7

Identify and sort quadrilaterals, including: • rectangles according to their attributes. • squares according to their attributes. • trapezoids according to their attributes. • parallelograms according to their attributes. • rhombuses according to their attributes. • Identify and describe the characteristics of a pre-sorted set of quadrilaterals. • Sort a given set of quadrilaterals, and explain the sorting rule. • Sort a given set of quadrilaterals according to the lengths of the sides. • Sort a given set of quadrilaterals according to whether or not opposite sides are parallel.

5.SS.8

Identify and describe a single transformation, including a translation, rotation and reflection of 2-D shapes. • Provide an example of a translation, rotation and reflection. • Identify a given single transformation as a translation, rotation or reflection. • Describe a given rotation about a vertex by the direction of the turn (clockwise or counterclockwise). • Describe a given reflection by identifying the line of reflection and the distance of the image from the line of reflection. • Describe a given translation by identifying the direction and magnitude of the movement.

5.SS.9

Perform, concretely, a single transformation (translation, rotation or reflection) of a 2-D shape, and draw the image. • Translate a given 2-D shape horizontally, vertically or diagonally, and draw the resultant image. • Rotate a given 2-D shape about a vertex, and describe the direction of rotation (clockwise or counterclockwise) and the fraction of the turn (limited to ¼, ½, ¾ or full turn). • Reflect a given 2-D shape across a line of reflection, and draw the resultant image. • Draw a 2-D shape, translate the shape, and record the translation by describing the direction and magnitude of the movement. • Draw a 2-D shape, rotate the shape about a vertex, and describe the direction of the turn (clockwise or counterclockwise) and the fraction of the turn (limited to ¼, ½, ¾ or full turn). • Draw a 2-D shape, reflect the shape, and identify the line of reflection and the distance of the image from the line of reflection. • Predict the result of a single transformation of a 2-D shape, and verify the prediction.

5.SP.1

Differentiate between first-hand and second-hand data. • Explain the difference between first-hand and second-hand data. • Formulate a question that can best be answered using first-hand data, and explain why. • Formulate a question that can best be answered using second-hand data, and explain why. • Find examples of second-hand data in print and electronic media, such as newspapers, magazines and the Internet.

5.SP.2

Construct and interpret double bar graphs to draw conclusions. • Determine the attributes (title, axes, intervals and legend) of double bar graphs by comparing a given set of double bar graphs. • Represent a given set of data by creating a double bar graph, label the title and axes, and create a legend without the use of technology. • Draw conclusions from a given double bar graph to answer questions. • Provide examples of double bar graphs used in a variety of print and electronic media, such as newspapers, magazines and the Internet. • Solve a given problem by constructing and interpreting a double bar graph.

5.SP.3

Describe the likelihood of a single outcome occurring, using words such as: • impossible. • possible. • certain. • Provide examples of events from personal contexts that are impossible, possible or certain. • Classify the likelihood of a single outcome occurring in a probability experiment as impossible, possible or certain. • Design and conduct a probability experiment in which the likelihood of a single outcome occurring is impossible, possible or certain. • Conduct a given probability experiment a number of times, record the outcomes, and explain the results.

5.SP.4

Compare the likelihood of two possible outcomes occurring, using words such as: • less likely. • equally likely. • more likely. • Identify outcomes from a given probability experiment that are less likely, equally likely or more likely to occur than other outcomes. • Design and conduct a probability experiment in which one outcome is less likely to occur than the other outcome. • Design and conduct a probability experiment in which one outcome is equally likely to occur as the other outcome. • Design and conduct a probability experiment in which one outcome is more likely to occur than the other outcome.